Part 1 Principles
1. Fluorescence microscope
2. Filterset
in FL-Mic
3. How concocal differs?
4.
What is confocal?
5.
Resolution in confocal
6. Optical
sectioning
7. Confocal image formation
and
time resolution
8. SNR in
confocal
9.
Variations of confocal
microscope
10. Special features from
Leica sp2 confocal
Part 2
Application
1. Introduction
2.
Tomographic view
(Microscopical CT)
3. Three-D reconstruction
4. Thick specimen
5. Physiological study
6.
Fluorescence detecting
General
consideration
Multi-channel detecting
Background correction
Cross-talk correction
Cross excitation
Cross emission
Unwanted FRET
Part
3 Operation and
Optimization
1.
Getting started
2. Settings in detail
Laser line
selection
Laser intensity and
AOTF control
Beam
splitter
PMT gain and offset
Scan
speed
Scan format, Zoom
and Resolution
Frame average, and
Frame accumulation
Pinhole and Z-resolution
Emission collecting rang
and Sequential scan
When Do
you need confocal?
FAQ
Are
you abusing
confocal?
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Confocal Microscopy tutorial
Part 3 operation, optimization of Leica SP2 LSCM
Table 1. Fluorophore Spectral data and corresponding laser for Excitation
(PDF file)
Fluorophore |
Ex peak |
Percent Peak value for individual laser1 |
Em peak |
|
Peak (20% range)2 |
458 |
476 |
488 |
514 |
568 |
633 |
Peak (20% range)2 |
SYTOX blue |
445 (405-464) |
48,9 |
1,9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
470 (450-527) |
BoBo-1 |
461 (410-486) |
97,1 |
49 |
17,9 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
484 (465-555) |
PI |
538 (450-590) |
24,59 |
40,73 |
54,88 |
88,59 |
61,59 |
8,05 |
603 (576-668) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FITC |
495 (450-517) |
35,3 |
56,4 |
88 |
28,7 |
0 |
0 |
519 (497-575) |
Alexa 488 |
499 (457-522) |
21,93 |
45,45 |
75,18 |
49,37 |
0 |
0 |
520 (497-572) |
Oregon Green |
513 (466-533) |
12,47 |
33,63 |
41,78 |
99,38 |
0 |
0 |
533 (511-587) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TRITC / TMRho |
552 (500-577) |
2,21 |
5,8 |
10,47 |
33,19 |
51,77 |
0 |
578 (552-640) |
Alexa 568 |
577 (519-600) |
1,24 |
2,72 |
5,42 |
15 |
85,53 |
0 |
603 (576-668) |
Texas Red |
595 (537-623) |
0 |
0 |
0,64 |
5,78 |
35,32 |
7,06 |
613 (590-674) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cy5 |
648 (583-673) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
63 |
665 (642-700) |
Alexa 610-R-PE |
567 (470-584) |
12,31 |
28,51 |
51,97 |
46,95 |
99,16 |
4,94 |
627 (580-665) |
Alexa 647-R-PE |
568 (470-674) |
10,26 |
26,29 |
48,65 |
45,72 |
100 |
29,03 |
666 (641-700) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alexa 660 |
663 (538-700) |
2,55 |
4 |
5,74 |
11,41 |
35,68 |
71,07 |
691 (660-730) |
Alexa 680 |
679 (580-716) |
1,3 |
1,57 |
1,95 |
3,51 |
15,58 |
55,82 |
702 (672-740) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ECFP |
430 (380*-477) |
68 |
21 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
474 (450-550) |
EGFP |
494 (420-518) |
57 |
80 |
96 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
510 (490*-564) |
EYFP |
520 (475-531*) |
8 |
23 |
35 |
95 |
0 |
0 |
535 (513-590) |
DsRed |
553 (457-577) |
21 |
36 |
40 |
64 |
58 |
0 |
585 (558-653) |
Note:
1. The percentage in table 1 should not be used as the
setting for AOTF percentage (as more than one user asked). They speak totally
different things. value in table 1 indicate the percent of fluorophore excited
under one laser line. AOTF percentage means the percent of light from
laser source delivered to the specimen. Maybe, the low value in table 1 implies
you have to use high AOTF percentage and vice versa.
2. The range in parenthesis indicates the 20% boundary on both side, at that
wavelength, the intensity drop to 20% of its peak value. Value with * means
until there, it has not dropped below 20%, further data is not available.
Special attention at choosing
fluorophores for this SP2 confocal microscope setup:
1. For green excitation, due to the Krypton 568 nm line used in stead of
the traditional HeNe 546 nm line, Alexa 568 is more suitable than TRITC for this
laser: 81.53% vs.51.77%.
2. For Red excitation, Texas Red is not a good choice because we do not have
HeNe 590 nm line, Kr 568 excites it only 35% while HeNe 633 excites it at
a negligible level. Of course, 35% can still be regarded as effective
excitation.
Both TRITC and Texas Red can still be used here, but for best results, if there is no special reason for you to stick on
them, please avoid them when you prepare specimen for this confocal microscope.
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This page was last updated
23.03.2004
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